Networking Concepts
Networking and Data communications are changing the way we do business and the way we live. Business decisions have to be made ever more quickly, and the decision makers require immediate access to accurate information. Why wait a week for that report from Germany to arrive by mail when it could appear almost instantaneously through computer networks? Businesses today rely on computer networks and internet works . But before we ask how quickly we can get hooked up, we need to know how networks operate, what types of technologies are available, and which design best fills which set of needs.
How Networking works?
Types of Networking?
What is Networking :
Networking in computer network is a process of connecting two or more device with each other for sharing data.
Data could be a software, message, voice mail, or email etc. This sharing can be local or remote. Between individuals, local communication usually occurs face to face, while remote communication takes place over distance.
The term telecommunication, which includes telephony, telegraphy, and television, means communication at a distance (teleis Greek for "far"). The word data refers to information presented in whatever form is agreed upon by the parties creating and using the data.
Data communications are the exchange of data between two devices via some form of transmission medium such as a wire cable. For data communications to occur, the communicating devices must be part of a communication system made up of a combination of hardware (physical equipment) and software (programs).
The effectiveness of a data communications system depends on four fundamental characteristics:
- Delivery
- Accuracy
- Timeliness
- Jitter
Delivery :
The system must deliver data to the correct destination. Data must be
received by the intended device or user and only by that device or user.
The system must deliver the data accurately. Data that have been
altered in transmission and left uncorrected are unusable.
Timeliness:
The system must deliver data in a timely manner. Data delivered late are
useless. In the case of video and audio, timely delivery means delivering data as
they are produced, in the same order that they are produced, and without signifi-
cant delay. This kind of delivery is called real-time transmission.
Jitter:
Jitter refers to the variation in the packet arrival time. It is the uneven delay in
the delivery of audio or video packets. For example, let us assume that video packets are sent every 3D ms. If some of the packets arrive with 3D-ms delay and others with 4D-ms delay, an uneven quality in the video is the result.
Networking Models : Types of Network
- Personal Area Network (PAN)
- Local Area Network (LAN)
- Wide Area Network (WAN)
- Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN)
- Campus Area Network (CAN)
- Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
- Storage Area Network (SAN)
- System-Area Network (SAN)
- Passive Optical Local Area Network (POLAN)
- Enterprise Private Network (EPN)
- Virtual Private Network (VPN)
- Home Area Network (HAN)
